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| Mulberry Harbour Phoenix Units, Portland ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Mulberry Harbour Phoenix Units, Portland
The Portland Mulberry Harbour Phoenix Units are two reinforced concrete caissons, built as part of the artificial Mulberry harbours that were assembled as part of the follow-up to the Normandy landings during World War II. Out of a total of 148 produced units, two units still remain at the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. They are situated approximately 115 metres north of Castletown Pier, date to 1944, and are approximately 60 metres long, 20 metres wide, and 15 metres high. Each weighs 7,700 tons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Other Projects )〕 Portland's two units became Grade II Listed in May 1993.
==History==
When planning the invasion of France the allies were worried they would be unable to supply the troops who were ashore. The only reliable method of landing large quantities of resources was through a major port. As the German army held all of France's harbours, the solution was the Mulberry harbours. In a ferocious building program the pieces were put together on the beaches of Normandy, creating two operational harbours within two weeks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mulberry Harbour survey )〕 Nine of the Bombardons were assembled in Portland Harbour. These were left moored at Portland in 1944, before being towed to France.
Although most of the temporary harbour units were towed across to serve the D-day landings, several Phoenix breakwaters are still in use in Britain today.〔 Following the war, ten of the units were towed back to Portland Harbour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Other Projects )〕 In 1953 eight of those at Portland were given to the Netherlands to repair and block breaches in the dykes, following the great storm of January 1953.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mulberry Harbour survey )〕 The two units left behind remained moored. They continue to be sited in Portland Harbour, and act as a wind brake, which helps ships berth at 'Q Pier' in the harbour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mulberry Harbour survey )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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